The Republic of Benin has known since its independence in 1960, several generations of health policies. As a former French colony, the country has experienced the health strategies modeled on current practices in the metropolis. Most of the said strategies relate to the control of tropical infections and very few were oriented towards prevention. It was only after the World Health Conference held in Alma Ata in 1978 that on primary health care (PHC), that Benin has begun its march towards strategies clean sanitary facilities, which more or less take into account the health determinants of the country and public health priorities. In this article, we will discuss, in part (A), of the process and influences that characterize the first health policies, that is to say the influences of colonial heritage and endogenous practices; part (B) will be dedicated to difficulties in health planning in accordance with international standards since the 1980s, and, finally, part (C) will be devoted to the perspectives that emerge from the courageous reforms initiated since 2016 by the “Rupture” regime of President Patrice TALON.